{"doc_desc":{"title":"Demographic and Health Survey, 2008","idno":"DDI-NGA-NBS-DHS-2010-v1.0","producers":[{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbr":"NBS","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)","role":" Metadata Producer"}],"prod_date":"2010-06-21","version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0 (June, 2010)"}},"study_desc":{"title_statement":{"idno":"NGA-NPC-DHS-2008-v1.0","title":"Demographic and Health Survey, 2008","sub_title":"Fifth Round","alternate_title":"DHS 2008","translated_title":"No translation"},"authoring_entity":[{"name":"National Population Commission (NPC)","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)"}],"oth_id":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Health","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"","role":"Support"},{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics,","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"","role":"Support"},{"name":"Akintola Williams Deloitte","affiliation":"","email":"","role":"Accounting and disbursement services"}],"production_statement":{"producers":[{"name":"United States Agency for International Development in Nigeria","abbr":"USAID","affiliation":"United States Government,","role":"Support"},{"name":"United Nations Children\u2019s Fund","abbr":"UNICEF","affiliation":"United States Government,","role":"Support"},{"name":"ICF Macro","abbr":"UNICEF","affiliation":" Calverton, Maryland, USA","role":"Technical assistance"},{"name":"PARIS21","abbr":"PARIS21","affiliation":"","role":"Metadata Producer"},{"name":"National Bureau of Statistics","abbr":"NBS","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)","role":"Metadata Documentation"}],"copyright":"(c)NPC 2010","funding_agencies":[{"name":"President\u2019s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief","abbr":"PEPFAR","role":"funding"},{"name":"United Nations Population Fund","abbr":"UNFPA","role":"funding"},{"name":"MEASURE DHS Project","abbr":"MEASURE","role":"funding"}]},"distribution_statement":{"contact":[{"name":"Project Director","affiliation":"Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"saligar58@yahoo.com","uri":""},{"name":"MEASURE DHS Project, ICF Macro","affiliation":"United States Government","email":"reports@macrointernational.com","uri":" http:\/\/www.measuredhs.com."},{"name":"Secretary, NHREC","affiliation":"Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"secretary@nhrec.net ","uri":""},{"name":"Desk Officer, NHREC","affiliation":"Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"deskofficer@nhrec.net","uri":""}]},"series_statement":{"series_name":"Demographic and Health Survey, Round 5  [hh\/dhs-5]","series_info":"The first attempt at a population census in Nigeria was in 1866. Subsequent censuses before 1952, such as 1911 and 1922, were restricted to some sections of the country. The 1952-53 enumeration was the first nationwide census. \n\nThe first post independence census conducted in 1962 was cancelled because of alleged irregularities in its conduct. Another census conducted in 1963 was \nofficially accepted as the First. \n\nA follow-up to the1990, (second round), 1999, (third round) and 2003, (fourth round) Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys and provides updated estimates of basic demographic and health implemented by the National Population Commission (NPC), then 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2008 NDHS) which was \nthe fifth round."},"version_statement":{"version":"Version 1.0 (June, 2010)","version_date":"2009-09-01","version_notes":"This is the first version of metadata documentation since the production of the suvery report"},"study_info":{"topics":[{"topic":"economic conditions and indicators [1.2]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"economic systems and development [1.4]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"rural economics [1.6]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"employment [3.1]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"unemployment [3.5]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"working conditions [3.6]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"basic skills education [6.1]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"compulsory and pre-school education [6.2]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"general health [8.4]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"health care and medical treatment [8.5]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"children [12.1]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"elderly [12.2]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"gender and gender roles [12.6]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"youth [12.10]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"religion and values [13.5]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"censuses [14.1]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"fertility [14.2]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"},{"topic":"morbidity and mortality [14.4]","vocab":"CESSDA","uri":"http:\/\/www.nesstar.org\/rdf\/common"}],"abstract":"The 2008 NDHS is a national sample survey designed to provide up-to-date information on background characteristics of the respondents; fertility levels; nuptiality; \nsexual activity; fertility preferences; awareness and the use of family planning methods; breastfeeding practices; nutritional status of mothers and young children; \nearly childhood mortality and maternal mortality; maternal and child health; and awareness and behaviour regarding HIV\/AIDS and other sexually transmitted\ninfections. \n\nThe primary objective of the 2008 NDHS is to provide estimates with acceptable precision for important population characteristics such as fertility, contraceptive prevalence, selected health indicators, mainly infant mortality and an HIV\/AIDS module for women and men.\n\nThe target groups were women age 15-49 years and men age 15-59 years in randomly selected households across Nigeria. Information about children\nage 0-5 years was also collected, including weight and height. While the survey is expanded in scope and sample size, the 2008 NDHS is a follow-up to the\n1990, 1999, and 2003 NDHS surveys and provides updated estimates of basic demographic and healthindicators covered in the earlier surveys. \n\nThe 2008 NDHS is the first DHS to include the collection of information on violence against women. In addition to presenting national estimates, the report provides\n estimates of key indicators for rural and urban areas in Nigeria, the six geo-political zones, and for the first time, the thirty-six states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).\n\n The overall goal of the National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development is to improve the quality of life and standard of living for the Nigerian population (NPC, 2004). This is to be achieved through the attainment of a number of specific goals that include:\n\n\u2022 Achievement of sustainable economic growth, protection and preservation of the environment, poverty eradication, and provision of quality social services,\n\u2022 Achievement of a balance between the rate of population growth, available resources, and social and economic development of the country,\n\u2022 Progress towards a complete demographic transition to a reasonable growth in birth rates and a low death rate,\n\u2022 Improvement in the reproductive health of all Nigerians at every stage of the life circle,\n\u2022 Acceleration of a strong and immediate response to the HIV\/AIDS pandemic and other related infectious diseases,\n\u2022 Progress in achieving balance and integrated urban and rural development.\n\nThe National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development operates on the principle that achieving a higher quality of life for people today should not jeopardise the ability of future generations to meet their own needs (NPC, 2004). To guide policy, programme planning, and implementation, the following targets were set:\n\u2022 Reduce the national population growth rate to 2 percent or lower by 2015.\n\u2022 Reduce the total fertility rate by at least 0.6 children every five years by encouraging child spacing through the use of family planning.\n\u2022 Increase the contraceptive prevalence rate for modern methods by at least two percentage points per year through the use of family planning.\n\u2022 Reduce the infant mortality rate to 35 per 1,000 live births by 2015.\n\u2022 Reduce the child mortality rate to 45 per 1,000 live births by 2010.\n\u2022 Reduce the maternal mortality ratio to 125 per 100,000 live births by 2010 and to 75 by 2015.\n\u2022 Achieve sustainable universal basic education as soon as possible before 2015.\n\u2022 Eliminate the gap between males and females in school enrolment at all levels and in vocational and technical education by 2015.\n\u2022 Eliminate illiteracy by 2020.\n\u2022 Achieve at least a 25 percent reduction in HIV\/AIDS adult prevalence every five years.\n\n Health Policies and Programmes\nA national health policy targeted at achieving health for all Nigerians was promulgated in 1988. In view of emerging issues and the need to focus on realities and trends, a review of the policy became necessary. The new policy, referred to as the Revised National Health Policy, launched in September 2004, describes the goals, structure, strategy, and policy direction of the health care delivery system in Nigeria (NPC, 2004a). Roles and responsibilities of different tiers of government, including non-governmental organisations are outlined. The policy's long-term goal is to provide adequate access to primary, secondary, and tertiary health care services for the entire Nigerian population through a functional referral system.\n\nThe following principles and values underpin the Revised National Health Policy:\n\u2022 Social justice, equity, and the ideals of freedom and opportunity affirmed in the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria are a basic right.\n\u2022 Health and access to quality and affordable health care is a human right.\n\u2022 Equity in health care for all Nigerians will be pursued as a goal.\n\u2022 Primary health care (PHC) shall remain the basic philosophy and strategy for national health development.\n\u2022 Good quality health care shall be assured through cost-effective interventions that are targeted at priority health problems.\n\u2022 A high level of efficiency and accountability shall be maintained in the development and management of the national health system.\n\u2022 Effective partnership and collaboration between various health sectors shall be pursued while safeguarding the identity of each\n.\nThe overall objective of the Revised National Health Policy is to strengthen the national health system such that it will be able to provide effective, efficient, quality, accessible and affordable health services that will improve the health status of Nigerians through the achievement of the healthrelated Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The main health policy targets are the following:\n\u2022 Reduce the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015,\n\u2022 Reduce the maternal mortality rate by three-quarters between 1990 and 2015,\n\u2022 Reduce the spread of HIV\/AIDS by 2015,\n\u2022 Reduce the burden of malaria and other major diseases by 2015.\n\nEducation in Nigeria has been through a series of policy changes over time. The overall responsibility establishing national policies and guidelines for uniform standards throughout all levels of education is vested in the Federal Ministry of Education. These policies and guidelines are protected by various statutory instruments such as the National Policy on Education, the Education Decree No. 16 of 1985 and the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Accordingly, the Federal Ministry of Education focuses on six spheres of education-Early Childhood Education, Basic Education, Secondary Education, Tertiary Education, Adult and Non-formal Education, and Special Needs Education (Federal Ministry of Education, 2009).\nThe National Policy on Education provides every child the right to tuition-free primary education. This has resulted in an increase in the school enrolment and in the number of educational institutions, particularly in the public sector. The 6-3-3-4 system introduced in 1981 provides six years of primary education, followed by three years of junior secondary education, and three years of senior secondary education. The last segment of four years is for university or polytechnic education.\n\nSubsequently, the National Literacy Programme for Adults was launched, followed by the establishment of Nomadic Education to address the needs of children of migrant cattle herders and fishermen in the riverine areas. The Universal Basic Education (UBE) system, launched in October 1999, made it compulsory for every child to be educated free of tuition up to the junior secondary school level in an effort to meet Nigeria\u2019s manpower requirements for national development","time_periods":[{"start":"2008","end":"2012","cycle":"5 years"}],"coll_dates":[{"start":"2008-06","end":"2008-10","cycle":"120days"}],"nation":[{"name":"Nigeria","abbreviation":"NGA"}],"geog_coverage":"National Zone State","geog_unit":"Household member","analysis_unit":"Individuals, Households","universe":"Household members Women's age 15-49 Men age 15-59 Children ages 0 - 5","data_kind":"Census\/enumeration data [cen]","notes":"The 2008 Demographic and Health Survey was designed to provide estimates for key indicators such as:\n \n HOUSEHOLD:  The household questionnaire (see External resources)f or demographic and Health Survey, 2008 included a schedule for collecting household characteristics,demographic and socioeconomic information  e.g age, sex, educational attainment, and current school attendance dwelling characteristics, source of water supply, and sanitation facilities and household possessions, and some neglected tropical diseases that affect the population of Nigeria.\n\nMEN: The men questionnaire (see External resources) for demographic and Health Survey, 2008 model men data respondent background, reproduction, contraception marriage and sexual activity, fertility preference, employment and gender roles, HIV\/AIDS, other health issues and  adult mortality.\n\nWOMEN: The women questionnaire (see External resources) f or demographic and Health Survey, 2008 included select demographic and health outcomes, e.g contraceptive use and the receipt of health care services during pregnancy, at delivery, and in the postnatal period, fertility, infant and child mortality immunization levels  use of family planning breastfeeding practices nutritional status of mothers and young children  use of mosquito nets, female genital cutting, maternal and child health domestic violence and  sexual activity and awareness  behaviour regarding AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in Nigeria.\nAlso included Information on children like birth weight, child vaccinations, and treatment practices for children who have the three most common childhood diseases: acute respiratory infection (ARI), fever, and diarrhoea. Many early childhood deaths can be prevented by immunising children against preventable diseases and by ensuring that children receive prompt and appropriate treatment."},"method":{"data_collection":{"data_collectors":[{"name":"National Population Commission","abbr":" NPC","role":"","affiliation":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)"}],"sampling_procedure":"A complete listing of households and a mapping exercise were carried out for each cluster from April to May 2008, with the resulting lists of households serving as the sampling frame for the selection of households in the second stage. All private households were listed. The NPC listing enumerators were trained to use Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to take the coordinates of the 2008 NDHS sample clusters.\n\nThe 2008 NDHS sample was selected using a stratified two-stage cluster design consisting of 888 clusters, 286 in the urban and 602 in the rural areas. Once the number of households was allocated to each state, the numbers of clusters (calculated based on an average sample take of 41 completed interviews or about 41 selected households) was calculated by dividing the total sample in the state by the sample take. \n\nFinally, all women 15-49 yearswere interviewed in each cluster, and in half of the selected households about 20 men were interviewed. Before the selection in a state, all EAs were stratified by urban and rural areas. \n A representative sample of 36,800 households was selected for the 2008 1 The final survey sample included 886 instead of 888 clusters. During fieldwork, access was not obtained in one cluster due to flooding, and in another cluster due to inter-communal disturbances.NDHS survey, with a minimum target of 950 completed interviews per state. \n\nMen age 15-59 were interviewed in every second household selected for the women\u2019s interview. According the 2003 NDHS, a total of 2,346 successfully completed male interviews were obtained with a sample of 2,569 selected households.Therefore, it was expected to have about 16,800 successfully completed male interviews in the 2008 NDHS.\n\nThe sample for the 2008 NDHS was designed to provide population and health indicators at the national, zonal, and state levels. The sample design allowed for specific indicators, such as contraceptive use, to be calculated for each of the 6 zones and 37 states (36 states plus the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja). The sampling frame used for the 2008 NDHS was the 2006 Population and Housing Census of the Federal Republic of Nigeria conducted in 2006, provided by the National Population Commission (NPC). Administratively, Nigeria is divided into states. Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs), and each LGA is divided into localities. In addition to these administrative units, during the 2006 Population Census, each locality was subdivided into convenient areas called census enumeration areas (EAs). The primary sampling unit (PSU), referred to as a cluster for the 2008 NDHS, is defined on the basis of EAs from the 2006 EA census frame.\n\nNOTE:\nSee the formula and more about the sampling procedure in page 491 to page 493 of the report attached in external resources.","sampling_deviation":"No deviation was reported in the survey report use for the documentation.","coll_mode":["Face-to-face [f2f]"],"research_instrument":"Three questionnaires were used for the 2008 NDHS. They are the Household Questionnaire, the Women\u2019s Questionnaire, and the Men\u2019s Questionnaire. These questionnaires were adapted to reflect the population and health issues relevant to Nigeria at a series of meetings with various stakeholders from government ministries and agencies, non-governmental organisations, and international donors. In addition to English, the questionnaires were translated into three major Nigerian languages: Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba.\n\nThe Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors of selected households. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, including his or her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. \nFor children under age 18, survival status of the parents was determined. If a child in the household had a parent who was sick for more than three consecutive months in the 12 months preceding the survey or a parent who had died, additional questions related to support for orphans and vulnerable children were asked.\n\n Additionally, if an adult in the household was sick for more than three consecutive months in the 12 months preceding the survey or an adult in the household died, questions were asked related to support for sick people or people in households where a household member has died. The data on the age and sex of household members obtained in the Household Questionnaire was used to identify women and men who were eligible for the individual interview. \n\nAdditionally, the Household Questionnaire collected information on characteristics of the household\u2019s dwelling unit, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities, materials used for the floor of the house, ownership of various durable goods, and ownership and use of mosquito nets (to assess the coverage of malaria prevention programmes). The Household Questionnaire was also used to record height and weight measurements for children age 0-59 months and women age 15-49.\n\nThe Women\u2019s Questionnaire was used to collect information on all women age 15-49. These women were asked questions on the following main topics:\n\u2022 Background characteristics (education, residential history, media exposure, etc.)\n\u2022 Birth history and childhood mortality\n\u2022 Knowledge and use of family planning methods\n\u2022 Fertility preferences\n\u2022 Antenatal, delivery, and postnatal care\n\u2022 Breastfeeding and infant and young child feeding practices\n\u2022 Vaccinations and childhood illnesses\n\u2022 Marriage and sexual activity Introduction\n\u2022 Women\u2019s work and husband\u2019s background characteristics\n\u2022 Women\u2019s and children\u2019s nutritional status\n\u2022 Malaria prevention and treatment\n\u2022 Awareness and behaviour regarding HIV\/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections(STIs)\n\u2022 Adult mortality including maternal mortality\n\u2022 Women\u2019s status and health outcomes\n\u2022 Fistulae\n\u2022 Domestic violence\n\u2022 Female genital cutting\n\nThe Men\u2019s Questionnaire was administered to all men age 15-59 in every second household in the 2008 NDHS sample. The Men\u2019s Questionnaire collected much of the same information found in the Women\u2019s Questionnaire, but was shorter because it did not contain a detailed reproductive history or questions on maternal and child health or nutrition.","sources":[{"name":"","origin":"","characteristics":""}],"coll_situation":"NPC recruited and trained 368 people for the fieldwork to serve as zonal coordinators, supervisors, field editors, female and male interviewers, reserve interviewers, and quality control interviewers. Training of field staff for the main survey was conducted during a three-week period in May-June 2008.\n\n The training course consisted of instruction regarding interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of items on the questionnaires, instruction and practice in weighing and measuring children, mock interviews between participants in the classroom, and practice interviews with real respondents in areas outside the 2008 NDHS sample points.\n\n During this period, field editors, team supervisors, and quality control interviewers were provided with additional training\nin methods of field editing, data quality control procedures, and fieldwork coordination.\n\nThirty-seven supervisors, 37 editors, 152 female interviewers, and 74 male interviewers were selected to make up 37 data collection teams for the 2008 NDHS. Thirty-seven people were selected to be quality control interviewers.\n\nFieldwork\nThirty-seven interviewing teams carried out data collection for the 2008 NDHS. Each team\nconsisted of 1 supervisor (team leader), 1 field editor, 4 female interviewers, 2 male interviewers, and\n2 drivers. Nineteen senior staff members from NPC, designated as zonal coordinators, coordinated","act_min":"After the three weeks tranning field editors, team supervisors, and quality control interviewers were provided with additional training in methods of field editing, data quality control procedures.","cleaning_operations":"All questionnaires for the 2008 NDHS were returned to the NPC headquarters office in Abuja for data processing, which consisted of office editing, coding of open-ended questions, data entry, and editing computer-identified errors. The data were processed by a team of 30 data entry operators, 3 data coders, 4 data entry supervisors, and 8 secondary editors. Data entry and editing were accomplished using the CSPro software. The processing of data was initiated in July 2008 and\ncompleted in February 2009."},"method_notes":"NPC recruited and trained 368 people for the fieldwork to serve as zonal coordinators,supervisors, field editors, female and male interviewers, reserve interviewers, and quality control interviewers. Training of field staff for the main survey was conducted during a three-week period in May-June 2008. \n\nThe training course consisted of instruction regarding interviewing techniques and field procedures, a detailed review of items on the questionnaires, instruction and practice in weighing and measuring children, mock interviews between participants in the classroom, and practice interviews with real respondents in areas outside the 2008 NDHS sample points. \n\nDuring this period, field editors, team supervisors, and quality control interviewers were provided with additional training in methods of field editing, data quality control procedures, and fieldwork coordination. \n\nThirty-seven supervisors, 37 editors, 152 female interviewers, and 74 male interviewers were selected to make up 37 data collection teams for the 2008 NDHS. Thirty-seven people were selected to be quality control\ninterviewers.","analysis_info":{"response_rate":"Total of 36,298 households were selected and of these 34,644 were occupied. Of the 34,644 households found, 34,070 were successfully interviewed, yielding \na response rate of 98 percent at household level. \n\nIn the interviewed households, a total of 34,596 women were identified to be eligible for the individual interview, and 97 percent of them were successfully interviewed\n.\nFor men, 16,722 were identified as eligible in half the households, and 93 percent of them were successfully interviewed.\n\nNOTE:\nThe household and individual response rates for the 2008 NDHS are shown in Table 1.2. A in the report on page 40 attached as external resources.","sampling_error_estimates":"Sampling errors for the 2008 NDHS are calculated for selected variables considered to be of primary interest for the women\u2019s and men\u2019s samples. The results are presented in this appendix for the country as a whole, for urban and rural areas, and for 6 regions. For each variable, the type of statistic (mean, proportion, or rate) and the base population are given in Table C.1. Tables C.2 to C.10 present the value of the statistic (R), its standard error (SE), the number of unweighted (N) and weighted\n(WN) cases, the design effect (DEFT), the relative standard error (SE\/R), and the 95 percent confidence limits (R\u00b12SE), for the selected variables including fertility and mortality rates. \n\nThe sampling errors for mortality rates except for the entire country are presented for the 10 years preceding the survey. The DEFT is considered undefined when the standard error considering a simple random sample is zero (when the estimate is close to 0 or 1). In the case of the total fertility rate, the number of unweighted cases is not relevant, as there is no known unweighted value for woman-years of exposure to childbearing. The confidence interval (e.g., as calculated for children ever born to women age 40-49) can be interpreted as follows: the overall average from the national sample is 6.507 and its standard error is 0.057. \nTherefore, to obtain the 95 percent confidence limits, one adds and subtracts twice the standard error to the sample estimate (i.e., 6.507 \u00b1 2\u00d70.057; in other words between 6.392 and 6.622). There is a high probability (95 percent) that the true average number of children ever born to all women aged 40-49 is between 6.392 and 6.622.\n\nFor the women sampling errors and not taking into consideration the estimate for using female sterilisation, the relative standard errors (SE\/R) for the means and proportions range between 2 and 8.8 percent, with an average relative standard error of 2.99 percent; the highest relative standard errors are for estimates of very low values (e.g., currently using IUD\u20141 percent\u2014has 8.8 percent of relative error). So in general, the relative standard error for most estimates for the country as a whole\nis small, except for estimates of very small proportions. The relative standard error for the total fertility rate is small, 1.4 percent. However, for the mortality rates, the average relative standard error for the past five-year period mo tality rates is much higher, about 3.2 percent.\n\nThere are differentials in the relative standard error for the estimates of women subpopulations. For example, for the variable want no more children, the relative standard errors as a percent of the estimated mean for the whole country, urban total area and for the rural total area are 2.1 percent, 3.0 percent and 2.7 percent, respectively.\nFor the total women sample, the value of the design effect (DEFT) averaged over all variables is 1.86, which means that due to multi-stage clustering of the sample the average standard error is increased by a factor of 1.86 over that in an equivalent simple random sample.\n\nNote: Further table on this can be seen in Appendix C| 465 to 475 in the report attached to external resources.","data_appraisal":"Data quality tables in Appendix D page 477 to 482 in the report attached to external resources."}},"data_access":{"dataset_use":{"conf_dec":[{"txt":"Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN)","required":"yes","form_no":"","form_uri":""}],"contact":[{"name":"MEASURE DHS Project, ICF Macro","affiliation":"United States Government","email":"reports@macrointernational.com","uri":" http:\/\/www.measuredhs.com."},{"name":"National Population Commission (NPC)","affiliation":"Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN)","email":"","uri":""}],"cit_req":"National Population Commission (NPC), Demographic and Health Survey, DHS-2008-v1.0","conditions":"A comprehensive data access policy is not avaliable as at the time of documentation.","disclaimer":"The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses."}}},"schematype":"survey"}