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National Literacy Survey Nigeria-2009
First Round

Nigeria, 2009
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Reference ID
NGA-NBS-LIT-2009-v1.0
Producer(s)
National Bureau of Statistics [NBS]
Metadata
DDI/XML JSON
Created on
Oct 18, 2010
Last modified
Dec 02, 2013
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  • Study Description
  • Data Dictionary
  • Downloads
  • Get Microdata
  • Identification
  • Version
  • Scope
  • Coverage
  • Producers and sponsors
  • Sampling
  • Survey instrument
  • Data collection
  • Data processing
  • Data appraisal
  • Distributor information
  • Data Access
  • Disclaimer and copyrights
  • Contacts
  • Metadata production
  • Identification

    Survey ID number

    NGA-NBS-LIT-2009-v1.0

    Title

    National Literacy Survey Nigeria-2009

    Subtitle

    First Round

    Abbreviation or Acronym

    LIT-2009

    Translated Title

    No translation

    Country
    Name Country code
    Nigeria NGA
    Study type

    Other Household Survey [hh/oth]

    Series Information

    Though the National Bureau of Statistics generates youth and adult literacy data regularly on annual basis, the survey was conducted with a wider scope to complement the existing data on literacy in Nigeria.
    The main purpose of the survey was to determine the magnitude, levels and distribution of adult literacy and obtain comprehensive data and information with a view identifying issues of concern, which need to be addressed in the promotion of adult literacy in Nigeria.
    Underlying this is the fact that literacy is fundamental to information dissemination, socio-economic development and poverty alleviation among others.
    It was the first attempt to carry out a stand alone survey on Literacy Survey Nigeria.

    Abstract

    Determine the magnitude, level and distribution of mass literacy (persons aged 15 year and above)
    Obtain comprehensive data and information on mass literacy from literacy providers and stakeholders in both private and public sectors
    Identify issues of concern which need to be addressed in the promotion of mass literacy in the country
    Determine the number of persons aged 6 – 14 that are out of school
    Ascertain number of persons mainstreaming from non-formal to formal education or vice versa

    Kind of Data

    Sample survey data [ssd]

    Unit of Analysis

    Household level

    Version

    Version Description

    Version 1.0 (February 2010)

    Version Date

    2010-03-08

    Version Notes

    Version 1.0: Data used to generate the tables and the report (2010)

    Scope

    Notes

    Household Socio Demographic Background:
    For all members of household
    Educational Attainment:
    For persons currently attending school and
    For persons that attended school in the past
    Literacy in English:
    For persons ever attended school
    For persons who had never attended school
    Literacy in any other language:
    For persons ever attended school
    For persons who had never attended school
    Knowledge and Accessibility of Literacy Programme:
    For persons aged 15 years and above
    Use & application of reading skills

    Topics
    Topic Vocabulary URI
    consumption/consumer behaviour [1.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    economic conditions and indicators [1.2] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    income, property and investment/saving [1.5] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    rural economics [1.6] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    employment [3.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    basic skills education [6.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    compulsory and pre-school education [6.2] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    post-compulsory education [6.5] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    general health [8.4] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    health care and medical treatment [8.5] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    housing [10.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    children [12.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    elderly [12.2] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    family life and marriage [12.5] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    gender and gender roles [12.6] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    community, urban and rural life [13.1] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    social behaviour and attitudes [13.6] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    social conditions and indicators [13.8] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    fertility [14.2] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
    morbidity and mortality [14.4] CESSDA http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common

    Coverage

    Geographic Coverage

    The NISH is a multi purpose on – going programme of household surveys
    NISH Master Sample (MS) is derived from frame of EAs demarcated by the National Population Commission (NPopC) for the 2006 Housing and Population Census
    The NISH MS is made up of 200 EAs drawn in 20 independent Replicates
    Replicate made up of 10 EAs Replicates 7 to 10 will be used for the survey

    The survey will cover all the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory (FCT). Both urban and rural areas will be canvassed

    Universe

    2.1 Sample Design
    2.1.1 Introduction of NISH Design 1993/99

    The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 1999 was run as a module of the National Integrated Survey of Households (NISH) design. NISH is the Nigerian version of the United Nations National Household Survey Capability Programme and is a multi-subject household based survey system. It is an ongoing programme of household based surveys enquiring into various aspects of households, including housing, health, education and employment. The programme started in 1981 after a pilot study in 1980. The design utilizes a probability sample drawn using a random sampling method at the national and sub-national levels.

    The main features of the NISH design are:

    Multi-Phase Sampling: In each state 800 EAs were selected with equal probability as first phase samples. A second phase sample of 200 EAs was selected with probability proportional to size.

    Multi-Stage Sampling Design: A two-stage design was used. Enumeration Areas were used as the first stage sampling units and Housing Units (HUs) as the second stage sampling units.

    Replicated Rotatable Design: Two hundred EAs were selected in each state in 10 independent replicates of 20 EAs per replicate. A rotation was imposed which ensured 6 replicates to be studied each survey year but in subsequent year a replicate is dropped for a new one, that is, a rotation of 1/6 was applied. This means in a survey year, 120 EAs will be covered in each state. In the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), 60 EAs are covered.

    Master Sample: The EAs and HUs selected constitute the Master Sample and subsets were taken for various surveys depending on the nature of the survey and the sample size desired. In any one-year, the 120 EAs are randomly allocated to the 12 months of the year for the survey. The General Household Survey (GHS) is the core module of NISH. Thus, every month 10 EAs are covered for the GHS. For other supplemental modules of NISH, subsets of the master sample are used. The MICS 1999 was run as a module of NISH.

    2.1.2 Sample Size

    The global MICS design anticipated a sample of 300-500 households per district (domain). This was based on the assumption of a cluster design with design effect of about 2, an average household size of 6, children below the age of 5 years constituting 15 percent of the population and a diarrhoea prevalence of 25 percent. Such a sample would give estimates with an error margin of about 0.1 at the district level. Such a sample would usually come from about 10 clusters of 40 to 50 households per cluster.

    In Nigeria, the parameters are similar to the scenario described above. Average household size varied from 3.0 to 5.6 among the states, with a national average of about 5.5. Similarly, children below 5 years constituted between 15-16 percent of total population. Diarrhoea prevalence had been estimated at about 15 percent. These figures have led to sample sizes of between 450 and 660 for each state.

    It was decided that a uniform sample of 600 households per state be chosen for the survey. Although non-response, estimated at about 5 percent from previous surveys reduced the sample further, most states had 550 or more households. The MICS sample was drawn from the National Master Sample for the 1998/99 NISH programme implemented by the Federal Office of Statistics (FOS).

    The sample was drawn from 30 EAs in each state with a sub-sample of 20 households selected per EA. The design was more efficient than the global MICS design which anticipated a cluster sub-sample size of 40-50 households per cluster. Usually, when the sub-sample size was reduced by half and the number of clusters doubled, a reduction of at least 20 percent in the design effect was achieved. This was derived from DEFF = 1 + (m-1) rho where m is sub-sample size and rho is intra-class correlation. Therefore, the design effect for the Nigerian MICS was about 1.6 instead of 2. This means that for the same size of 600 households, the error margin was reduced by about 10 percent, but where the sample was less than 600 the expected error margin would be achieved.

    It should be noted that sampling was based on the former 30 states plus a Federal Capital Territory administrative structure [there are now 36 states and a Federal Capital Territory].

    2.1.3 Selection of Households

    The global design anticipated either the segmenting of clusters into small areas of approximate 40-45 households and randomly selecting one so that all households within such area was covered or using the random walk procedure in the cluster to select the 40-45 households. Neither of the two procedures was employed. For the segmentation method, it was not difficult to see that the clustering effect could be increased, since, in general, the smaller the cluster the greater the design effect. With such a system, DEFF would be higher than 2, even if minimally. The random walk method, on the other hand, could be affected by enumerator bias, which would be difficult to control and not easily measurable.

    For NISH surveys, the listing of all housing units in the selected EAs was first carried out to provide a frame for the sub-sampling. Systematic random sampling was thereafter used to select the sample of housing units. The GHS used a sub-sample of 10 housing units but since the MICS required 20 households, another supplementary sample of 10 housing units was selected and added to the GHS sample. All households in the sample housing units were interviewed, as previous surveys have shown that a housing unit generally contained one household.

    Producers and sponsors

    Primary investigators
    Name Affiliation
    National Bureau of Statistics [NBS] Federal Government of Nigeria(FGN)
    Producers
    Name Affiliation Role
    The National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non Formal Education Federal Government of Nigeria(FGN) Funding & Technical assistance in Stakeholders meetings, monitoring
    Funding Agency/Sponsor
    Name Abbreviation Role
    The National Commission for Mass Literacy, Adult and Non Formal Education (NMEC) Funding
    National Bureau of Statistics NBS Funding

    Sampling

    Sampling Procedure

    Forty (40) EAs will be randomly selected from the NISH MS per state
    Ten (10) households will be selected in each EA
    A total of 400 HHs will be selected per state
    A total of 14,800 households were sampled for the survey and out of that, 14,737 were successfully interviewed.

    Deviations from the Sample Design

    There were no deviation from sample Designed

    Response Rate

    A total of 14,800 households were sampled for the survey and out of that, 14,737 were successfully interviewed, which gave a response rate of 99.6 per cent.
    Of the total interviewed 3,681 were captured in urban and 11,055 in rural area.

    The distribution represents 25 per cent and 75 per cent respectively for urban and rural areas.

    Weighting

    The Nigeria MICS 1999 design was not self-weighting therefore the need for appropriate weighting in the estimation procedure. Using the following notations:

    Ni = No. of total EAs in ith state
    ni = No. of total sample EAs in ith state
    Mij = No. of housing units in jth EA of ith state.
    mij (=20) = No. of selected housing units in jth EA of ith state
    Yijk = The observation of the k housing units in jth EA of ith state

    Y = å Ni å Mij å Yijk
    ni mij

    Other estimates were similarly derived. The weighting thus takes care of the disproportionate allocation.

    Survey instrument

    Questionnaires

    The study used various instruments to collect the data. Apart from the main questionnaire that was developed for the survey and targeted the households and individuals, there were other instruments for the conduct of the assessment tests. The main questionnaire was structured in English Language but the interviewers were trained to translate and conduct the interview in local languages.
    The questionnaire contains nine parts (A - I).
    PART A: IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
    Part B: SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC BACKGROUND (All members)
    Part C: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
    Part D: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
    PART E: LITERACY IN ENGLISH
    PART F: LITERACY IN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE
    PART G: LITERACY IN ENGLISH
    PART H: LITERACY IN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE
    PART I: KNOWLEDGE AND ACCESSIBILITY OF LITERACY PROGRAMME

    Methodology notes

    Data Entry
    The data entry was done manual.
    The data entry started with a trial entry by the data entry clerks to acquaint them with the modalities and/or procedures for the data entry after which substantive data entry began. A total of about 20 operators working at the NBS headquarters. The data entry was completed within 8 weeks. Data entry supervisors working under the Data Processing Coordinator supervised data entry.

    1. Questionnaire reception
    2. Office editing and coding
    3. Data entry
    4. Structure and completeness checking
    5. Verification entry
    6. Comparison of verification data
    7. Back up of raw data
    8. Secondary editing
    9. Edited data back up
      After all clusters are processed, all data is concatenated together and then the following steps are completed for all data files:
    10. Export to SPSS in 4 files
    11. Recoding of variables needed for analysis
    12. Adding of sample weights
    13. Structural checking of SPSS files
    14. Production of analysis tabulations

    Data Cleaning
    Data entry was followed by trial tabulation to check for and to correct inconsistencies in the data. A frequency check was done on the values of the variables in all the modules to examine quality of the data. All inconsistencies found were reconciled and all errors found were corrected.
    UNICEF also provided a Consultant from Macro International, New York, who evaluated the data and all inconsistencies discovered at this stage were also corrected. Analysis similarly benefited from the various workshops organized by the WCARO specifically for MICS 2

    Data processing began in March 1999 and draft tables produced by August, 1999. The final tables were produced in September 2001. The delay in producing the final tables was due to the need to conduct extensive data verification and to the necessity to undertake a series of evaluations to ensure consistency and comparability of figures with those of other countries in the region.

    Data collection

    Dates of Data Collection
    Start End Cycle
    2009-04 2009-05 14 days
    Time Method

    The pretest exercise for MICS 1999 was conducted in November 1998 while the main survey was conducted from February 15 to April 12 1999

    Mode of data collection
    • Face-to-face [f2f]
    Data Collectors
    Name Affiliation Abbreviation
    National Bureau of Statistics FGN NBS
    Supervision

    In order to ensure reliability, acceptability and good quality of data collected, some quality control measures were designed for the survey. One of them was the involvement of the major stakeholders from relevant ministries, agencies and parastatals in the planning and implementation of the survey. This led to the formation of the MICS Inter-Sectoral Task-Force Committee comprising members drawn from ministries and agencies including
    Health, Education,
    Women Affairs,
    Water Resources,
    Planned Parenthood
    Federation of Nigeria (PPFN),
    National Planning Commission,
    ILO and UNICEF.

    Members met periodically to design and review the questionnaires before the main survey commenced. The members were involved in the monitoring of the survey in some states and carried out independent quality checks in the field. They were also involved in the review of tables generated for the survey and the analysis. Quality control forms such as interviewer assignment sheet, supervisors’ control and assignment sheets were used and retrieval forms were designed to monitor the survey.

    Data Collection Notes

    The study used various instruments to collect the data. Apart from the main questionnaire that was developed for the survey and targeted the households and individuals, there were other instruments for the conduct of the assessment tests. The main questionnaire was structured in English Language but the interviewers were trained to translate and conduct the interview in local languages. To achieve this, interviewers were recruited based on the ability to speak the language of the environment where they would conduct the interviews in addition to English.

    The instruments for the conduct of the assessment tests were therefore produced in 15 Nigerian Languages apart from English. These include Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, Igala, Nupe, Effik/Ibibio, Iyache, Yala, Itsekiri, Berom, Idoma, Bokyi, Esan, Edo and Yagba.

    To determine the literacy status, two methods were used: self reporting (one's ability to read and write) and actual testing (assessment of literacy status) of respondents. Unlike the previous surveys that relied on self-confessions, tests were administered to examine the respondents' levels in literacy and numeric. Those respondents who had education up to the senior secondary school level were, however, exempted from the test.

    Household Interviews will be done in a roving manner by 4 teams Each team comprises of 4 interviewers and 1 field supervisor .
    A total of 16 interviewers and 4 field supervisors will be required in each state Each team will canvass 100 households in the 10 EAs

    High level officers from NBS and NMEC will be involved in the monitoring exercise. There will be two levels of monitoring. The first will be the monitoring and on-the-job supervision of the field personnel, (interviewers and supervisors). This will involve State Monitors and the NBS State Officers. The second will be the monitoring of field work in the States by the Zonal Coordinators and NBS Zonal Controllers. For both cases, the Monitoring/Quality Control Forms will be completed. The monitoring exercise is to ensure high quality and reliable data.

    Retrieval
    All completed and edited questionnaires by each team will be in the custody of the field supervisor who is the team leader. The Team leader will submit same to the NBS State Officer who will make arrangement for forwarding all the records for the State to NBS HQs, Abuja. Returned Questionnaires should be forwarded to NBS HQ.

    Data processing

    Data Editing

    National Literacy Survey 2009 data were processed in 4 stages namely, manual editing and coding, data entry, data cleaning and tabulation.
    Manual Processing
    Completed questionnaires started arriving at the NBS headquarters two weeks after training from the states.
    Manual processing started with the development of editing/coding guidelines which were used to train the officers on manual editing.
    Development of data entry programme; data entry and editing and tabulation. Census and Surveys Processing System (CSPro) software were used for data entry, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and Census and Surveys Processing System (CSPro) for editing and a combination of SPSS, Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) and EXCEL for table generation.

    The guidelines include errors that could be found in the completed questionnaires and how they could be corrected. These likely errors include omissions, inconsistencies, unreasonable entries, impossible entries, double entries, transcription errors and others found in the questionnaires. 10 officers were selected as editors, while 20 data entry staff were used in addition to 3 programers.

    Data appraisal

    Data Appraisal

    To determine the literacy status, two methods were used: self reporting (one's ability to read and write) and actual testing (assessment of literacy status) of respondents. Unlike the previous surveys that relied on self-confessions, tests were administered to examine the respondents' levels in literacy and numeric. Those respondents who had education up to the senior secondary school level were, however, exempted from the test.

    Distributor information

    Distributor
    Organization name Abbreviation Affiliation
    NATIONAL BUREAU OF STATISTICS NBS FGN
    United Nations of Children's Fund UNICEF UNICEF

    Data Access

    Access authority
    Name Affiliation URL Email
    National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng
    Confidentiality
    Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required? Confidentiality declaration text
    yes The confidentiality of the individual respondent is protected by law (Statistical Act 2007) This is published in the Official Gazette of the Federal republic of Nigeria No. 60 vol. 94 of 11th June 2007. See section 26 para.2. Punitive measures for breeches of confidentiality are outlined in section 28 of the same Act.
    Access conditions

    A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by NBS, however section 27 of the Statistical Act 2007outlines the data access obligation of data producers which includes the realease of properly anonymized micro data.

    Citation requirements

    National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria,National Literacy Survey-2009-v1.0

    Disclaimer and copyrights

    Disclaimer

    The user of the data acknowledges that the original collector of the data, the authorized distributor of the data, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for use of the data for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

    Copyright

    © NBS 2009

    Contacts

    Contacts
    Name Affiliation Email URL
    Dr V.O. Akinyosoye Statistician General voakinyosoye@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    DR G.O. Adewoye Director Real Sector and Household Statistics Department georgeadewoye@yahoo.com http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    Mr E.O. Ekezie Head of Information and Comnucation Technology Department eekezie@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    Mr E .I. Fafunmi Data Curator biyifafunmi@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    Mr R.F. Busari Head (Systems Programming) rfbusari@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    Mrs A. A. Akinsanya Data Archivist paakinsanya@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng
    National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) Fedral Government of Nigeria (FGN) feedback@nigerianstat.gov.ng http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng

    Metadata production

    DDI Document ID

    DDI-NGA-NBS-LIT-2009-v1.0

    Producers
    Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
    National Bureau of Statistics NBS Federal Government of Nigeria (FGN) Metadata Producer
    Date of Metadata Production

    2010-03-08

    Metadata version

    DDI Document version

    Version 1.0 (March 2010)

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