Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007
Second round

Nigeria, 2007

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Reference ID

NGA-FMOH-IBBSS-2007-v1.1

Producer(s)

Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)

Metadata

DDI/XML JSON

Created on

Aug 29, 2012

Last modified

Dec 02, 2013

Page views

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Identification

Survey ID number

NGA-FMOH-IBBSS-2007-v1.1

Title

Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007

Subtitle

Second round

Abbreviation or Acronym

IBBSS 2007

Translated Title

No translation

Country

Name	Country code
Nigeria	NGA

Study type

Integrated Survey (non-LSMS) [hh/is]

Series Information

Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007, Round 2 is the second of a series of Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Surveys.
Surveys conducted biannually.
Assesses biological and behavioural characteristics of high risk groups for HIV infection

Abstract

This report highlights the findings of an integrated biological and behavioural surveillance survey (IBBSS) in Nigeria among groups whose behaviours or occupations often place them at higher risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STI), including HIV. In the 2007 IBBSS these groups included female sex workers (FSW), both brothel- and non-brothel-based, men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), transport workers (TW) and men and women in the uniformed services (armed forces and the police). The study took place in five states (Anambra, Cross River, Edo, Kano, and Lagos) and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT).

The main objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge and beliefs of high-risk groups about STI and HIV, determine the prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among these groups and obtain baseline data that will permit comparisons of risk behaviours, HIV infection and syphilis over time. In line with international best practices, different sampling methods were used for different groups, based on factors including the ability to map or obtain lists of group members, peak times and locations where they can be found and interviewed, and other visibility and accessibility considerations. A sample of 11,175 was achieved, which yielded reliable state-level estimates for most variables of interest.

Kind of Data

Sample survey data [ssd]

Unit of Analysis

Individuals, groups, states.

Version

Version Description

Version 1.0 Final clean and anonymized dataset
Version 1.1 Adding the literal question text and some missing label

Version Date

2007-09-24

Version Notes

Version 1.0, the first version to be documented after data cleaning, (fully anonymized), analysis and report dissemination.

Version 1.1 (March 2012) Adding the literal question text and some missing label

Scope

Notes

The scope of Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007 is into fifteen sections

Section 0: Identification particularsBackground characteristics
Section 1: Background characteristics
Section 2: Marriage and partnerships
Section 3: Sexual history numbers and types of partners
Section 4: Sexual history-regular partners (for those with spouse/live-in sexual partners only; for MSM, female spouse/live-in sexual partners only)
Section 5: Sexual history-boy friends/girl friends (for those with boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only; for MSM, female boy friends/girl friends sexual partners only)
Section 6: Sexual history-purchasing sex (male only) (for those with commercial sex partners only; for MSM, female commercial sex partners only)
Section 7: Sexual history-casual-non regular non-paying sexual partners (for those with casual sexual partners only; for MSM, female casual sexual partners only)
Section 8: Selling sex (for female populatios only)
Section 9: Social habits (all groups)
Section 10: Dru use/needle sharing (all population reporting drug injection in the past 12 months)
Section 11: MSM-men who have sex with men (ask all respondents)
Section 12: STIs (ask all respondents)
Section 13: Knowledge, opinions, and attitudes towards HIV/AIDS (ask all respondents)
Section 12: Exposure to interventions

Topics

Topic	Vocabulary	URI
specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
social and occupational mobility [12.8]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
TRANSPORT, TRAVEL AND MOBILITY [11]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
migration [14.3]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
employment [3.1]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common
social behaviour and attitudes [13.6]	CESSDA	http://www.nesstar.org/rdf/common

Keywords

specific diseases and medical conditions [8.9] social and occupational mobility [12.8] TRANSPORT, TRAVEL AND MOBILITY [11] migration [14.3] employment [3.1] social behaviour and attitudes [13.6]

Coverage

Geographic Coverage

States

Geographic Unit

States

Universe

The Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007 covered only males and females aged up to 15-49 years among seven sub-populations at risk of HIV in six selected states of Nigeria, namely Female Sex Workers (both brothel- and non-brothel-based), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDU), members of the armed forces, police, and transport workers (TW).

Producers and sponsors

Primary investigators

Name	Affiliation
Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)	Fedaral Government Of Nigeria(FGN)

Producers

Name	Affiliation	Role
Mike Merrigan	FHI 360	Technical assistance and facilitatory
Bolatito Aiyenugba	FHI 360	Technical assistance and consultant
Obinna Onyekwena	FHI 360	Technical assistance

Funding Agency/Sponsor

Name	Abbreviation	Role
United States Agency for International Development	USAID	Funding
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS	UNAIDS	Funding
World Health Organization	WHO	Funding
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	CDC	Funding
National Agency for Control of AIDS	NACA	Funding
Federal Ministry of Health	FMOH	Funding
Family Health International	FHI 360	Funding
Global HIV AIDS Initiative Nigeria	GHAIN	Funding
Society for Family Health	SFH	Funding

Other Identifications/Acknowledgments

Name	Affiliation	Role
National Bureau Of Statistics(NBS)	Fedaral Government Of Nigeria(FGN)	Documentation assistance
Jide Coker	Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)	Documentation assistance
Christoph Hamelmann	Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH)	Documentation assistance

Sampling

Sampling Procedure

The sample size for each target population was calculated to detect differences of 15% in key behaviours such as consistency of condom use and commercial sex, and to provide reliable estimates for each variable at state-level.

In order to reach a representative sample of all groups involved in the 2007 IBBSS, a number of different sampling techniques were used depending on the group in question, including simple random sampling (SRS), cluster sampling (probability proportionate to size (PPS) for fixed populations), time-location sampling (TLS) 5 and respondent-driven sampling (RDS)6. For MSM and IDU, the RDS method was used, while a TLS technique was used to select non-brothel-based FSW and TW. The brothel-based FSW, armed forces, and police were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. The take all (TA) sampling method was used when the desired sample size was not attainable based on the results of target population mapping.

4 IDU and MSM included in 3 states only 5 TLS is a form of cluster sampling that contains both time and location dimensions. TLS provides the opportunity to reach members of a target population who access certain locations at any point in time. The process starts by creating time location PSU (PSU that have both a time and a location dimensions) from which a random sample is selected. At the second stage all or a sub-sample of randomly selected population members who appear at the site during a designated time interval of fixed length, for example 4 hours, are interviewed. To the extent that all members of a target population access the locations at some point in time, TLS is a probability sampling method because: (i) all population members have a non-zero chance of selection as long as the TLS frame is complete; and (ii) the selection probabilities can be calculated by taking the time dimension as well as the space dimension into account.

6 RDS is a method that combines "snowball sampling" with a mathematical model that weights the sample to compensate for the fact that the sample was collected in a non-random way. Characterized by long referral chains (to ensure that all members of the target population can be reached) and a statistical theory of the sampling process which controls for bias including the effects of choice of seeds and differences in network size, RDS overcomes the shortcomings of institutional sampling (coverage) and snow-ball type methods (statistical validity). By making chain-referral into a probability sampling method and consequently resolving the dilemma of a choice between coverage and statistical validity, RDS has become the most appropriate method for reaching the hard-to-reach population groups. The RDS process starts with the recruitment of the initial seeds each of whom recruits a maximum of two to three members from their population group.

Deviations from the Sample Design

Cluster samples were chosen randomly based on sampling frames developed through the mapping process. This process was to identify places where potential subjects could be reached and sampled. Field work for the mapping exercise was performed over one week. Due to the limited period some hidden populations may not be adequately represented in sampling frames.

Response Rate

There were 11,175 individuals selected for this study out of whom 0.8% and 8.1% refused to participate in behavioural and biological componenets
of the study respectively.

Non-brothel based FSW had the highest refusal rate of 2.7% and 19.4% for behavioural and biological components respectively, followed by brothel-based FSW at 2.2% and 13.1% respectively.

Refusal rates for the behavioural component were less than 0.5% for other groups.

For the biological component, refusal rates were 3% for police, 0.8% for the armed forces, 1 .2% for TW, 4.6% for MSM, and 3.3% for IDU.

Weighting

The data set are not weighted

Survey instrument

Questionnaires

The questionnaires were administered at brothels and red-light districts for FSW, offices for police, armed forces and road transport workers and through networking for IDU and MSM using a RDS approach.

The questionnaire was designed in collaboration with FMOH, SFH, CDC, WHO, UNAIDS and other stakeholders.

At both central- and state-level trainings, each question in the questionnaire was reviewed and role-played and possible challenges were identified and addressed.

The questionnaire of Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance Survey 2007 was grouped into fifteen sections

Methodology notes

Data was entered using CS Pro version 3.2. A template for the questionnaire was designed with pre-programmed consistency checks for cross-checking answers, including skips and eligibility criteria. Laboratory data forms were collected on a periodic basis from the central laboratories and brought to the same centralized location for data entry.
At least 25% of the questionnaires entered daily by each data entry clerk had the behaviour and other non-biological data entered, while 100% double-data entry was achieved for the biological data for quality control purposes. The data entry clerks were supervised by three supervisors who reviewed and validated all questionnaires entered.

Data collection

Dates of Data Collection

Start	End	Cycle
2007	2007	Not stated in the report

Time periods

Start date	End date	Cycle
2007	2007	1 yr

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Data Collectors

Name	Affiliation	Abbreviation
FHI 360 Nigeria Country Office	FHI 360 Headquarters, USA	FHI 360

Supervision

Every field team had one supervisor. The supervisors reviewed each completed questionnaire immediately after the interview session ended and identified mistakes which were corrected before the respondent left the site.
The completed questionnaires were also further reviewed by the State AIDS Program Coordinator and the TC members supervising the teams in each state. At least two TC members were assigned to each state. They visited each site several times to provide guidance and oversight to supervisors where necessary.

They also supervised the sampling techniques to ensure that the teams adhered to the sampling methods described for the different groups.

Data Collection Notes

The survey was administered for all target groups through one-on-one face-to-face interviews in private settings that guaranteed the confidentiality of information provided by the respondent. The survey team for each group in each state consisted of three or four interviewers, one supervisor and one counselor-tester. The respondents were assured that all information and discussions remained confidential, that no personal identifiers would be recorded, and that their participation was voluntary. They were informed that they may refuse to answer any questions and that they may opt out of the study at any time. They were also told that their decision to participate or to not to participate did not affect any benefit that they would normally receive.

All study related biological specimens and questionnaires were labeled with a study number. The respondent's identity was not asked nor entered onto the survey forms. Signed/witnessed consent was obtained for each respondent prior to conducting the interview. Witnessed consent was obtained by a counselor or supervisor who acknowledged that all necessary information was provided and understood. Interviewers ensured that respondents were not interviewed twice by asking respondents if they were interviewed earlier on in the survey, and using a single team member for screening RDS participants. Test results were kept on file at nearby HCT centres for at least 3 months to enable mobile populations to return for their results.

All survey specimens were tested for HIV and syphilis using standard diagnostic algorithms currently in place in Nigeria. Ten ml of blood was collected into a vacutainer tube by appropriately trained counselors under supervision of the TC. Vacutainer tubes were labeled with the pa a refrigerator at 4°C. At the end of each day (or the following morning, in the case of night-time data collection) specimens were transported to a designated testing site. Plasma was extracted from blood specimens by centrifugation and transferred by pipette to 3 ml cryotubes. The HIV diagnostic algorithm used was follows: Determine, Stat-pak in parallel for screening, and Genie II for confirmation with Capillus as a tie breaker. The syphilis status was determined using the following tests: Rapid Plasma Reagin test (RPR) for screening; and Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) for confirmation. Once samples were processed and all testing completed, specimens were stored frozen.

Data processing

Data Editing

After data entry, the data was cleaned using STATA 10. Frequency counts were carried out to check consistency and assess cleanness of the database. The data cleaning also included the following:

Searching for ages outside the age range criteria;
Cross-checking all corresponding skips to the questionnaire;
Reviewing the cluster allocations;
Cross-checking the questionnaire completion responses from the interviewers in the database with the records in the supervisors log to ensure they matched;
Tallying the supervisors log of blood samples collected to ensure that recorded numbers of samples collected matched the results recorded in the database; and
Consistency checks involving cross-checking answers to related questions.

Data appraisal

Estimates of Sampling Error

No sampling error estimate

Data Appraisal

Other forms of Appraisal were done

Data Access

Access authority

Name	Affiliation	Email
Otto Chabikuli	Country Director FHI 360	ochabikuli@ghain.org
Aderemi Azeez	FMOH	aazeez@ghain.org

Confidentiality

Is signing of a confidentiality declaration required?	Confidentiality declaration text
yes	The data is anonymized. Work going on the a comprehensive confidentiality.

Access conditions

Contact FMOH and FHI 360 for details.

FHI 360 - ochabikuli@ghain.org
FMOH - aazeez@ghain.org

A comprehensive data access policy is been developed by FMOHS, however data producers have been properly anonymized.

Citation requirements

Work going, not ready for use

Disclaimer and copyrights

Disclaimer

The user of the data acknowledges FHI 360, FMOH and USAID bear no responsibility for use of the data or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses.

Contacts

Name	Affiliation	Email
Aderemi Azeez	FMOH	aazeez@ghain.org
Otto Chabikuli	FHI 360	ochabikuli@ghain.org

Metadata production

DDI Document ID

DDI-NGA-FMOH-IBBSS-2007-v1.1