| Abstract |
The Nigeria Time Use Survey (NTUS) 2024 marks a significant milestone as the country's first stand-alone effort to systematically measure how individualsallocate their time across paid and unpaid work, personal care, and leisure activities.The exercise provides robust empirical evidence to inform gender-sensitive policy design,development planning, and the implementation of global and national commitments,particularly to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5.4.1 on unpaid care and domestic work.
The International Classification of Time Use Statistics (ICATUS) 2016 was followed to make the time use statistics comparableand standard. The NTUS employed a three stage stratified sampling design, covering a total of 3,600 households and yielding data
from 6,431 individuals aged 15 years and above. Data was collected through a faceto-face personal interview using Computer
Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) devices.
The survey revealed that 28.1% of participating households were located in rural areas, while 71.9% were in urban areas. Across the studied states, the household headship breakdown showed that 81.9% of households were headed by males while 18.1% were headed by females.Furthermore, among households headed by females, 81.0% were situated in urban areas, while 19.0% were in rural areas. Similarly,households headed by males, 69.9% live in urban areas and 30.1% live in rural areas.
On average, people aged 15 years and above spent 12.5% of their day (3 hours) on unpaid domestic and care work.Disaggregated by sex, women dedicated 21.0% of their day (5 hours) to unpaid domestic and care work, while men spent 4.1% of their day (roughly 1 hour). The gender disparity is pronounced across both urban and rural areas. Rural women spent higher proportion of time (24.1% - almost 6 hours) on unpaid domestic and care work, compared to rural men (3.7% - less than an hour). Similarly, urban women spent more time (19.8% - almost 5 hours) than urban men (4.3% - one hour). These differences highlight deeply rooted gender roles and unequal distribution of unpaid work within households, which shows that women consistently spent more time on unpaid domestic and care work than men among the studied states.
The result further reveals that, women spent 5.9% of their day compared to 1.2% by men in unpaid care services. Also, in unpaid
domestic work, women spent higher time 15.1% compared to men with 2.9%. In all, women spent five times the hours that men
spent on unpaid domestic and care work in the four surveyed states. This pattern was held across urban and rural locations and
across wealth quintiles.
The data shows level of participation of men and women in broad activities. Men participated more in SNA productive activities (80.3%) than women with 73.7%. In contrast, women engaged more in non-SNA activities (97.1%) than men with 66.6%.The participation rate in learning was more for men with 15.2%, while women had 10.5%. The trend remains the same in both urban and rural areas. There exists a significant disparity in the time spent by men and women on SNA and non-SNA productive activities. While men spent more time than women on SNA activities, the reverse is the case for non- SNA activities. For instance, men spent372.6 minutes on SNA activities, and women spent 234 minutes on the same activity. On the other hand, men spent 79.3 minutes on non-SNA activity while women spent 314.3 minutes.In addition, women and men spent slightly different amounts of time on learning activities. Men spent 46.1 minutes, andwomen spent 31.5 minutes. Even thoughmen and women spent a significantproportion of their time on other nonproductive activities such as sleeping, relaxing, socializing, religious activities, etc.,time spent on them was still higher for men.
In conclusion, Time Use Survey 2024 offers a disaggregated portrait of how individuals allocate their time in the four (4) studied
states, with a special focus on unpaid care and domestic work. The results emphasize the need for targeted investments in care
infrastructure, gender equality reforms, and policies that recognize and redistribute unpaid work. The integration of time-use statistics into Nigeria's regular statistical reporting will enhance the country's ability to monitor progress on inclusive development and gender equality. |
| Table of contents |
Table of Content
ACRONYMS...............................................................................................................II
FOREWORD............................................................................................................. VII
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..................................................................................................VIII
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY..................................................................................................IX
1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 2
1.1 BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................2
1.2 SURVEY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES .................................................................................6
1.3 RATIONALE FOR UNDERTAKING THE 2024 NIGERIA TIME USE SURVEY ..................................6
1.4 REPORT STRUCTURE..............................................................................................7
1.5 CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................8
2. SURVEY DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY........................................................................... 16
2.1 SAMPLE SIZE AND ALLOCATION ................................................................................16
2.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES AND STAGES OF SELECTION ...................................................... 16
2.3 SAMPLING FRAME ................................................................................................. 17
2.4 DATA WEIGHTING ................................................................................................. 18
2.5 RESPONSE RATES.................................................................................................. 18
2.6 TIME USE SURVEY PILOT...........................................................................................19
2.7 SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT .......................................................................20
2.8 MAIN SURVEY DATA COLLECTION AND FIELD PERSONNEL ..................................................20
2.9 SURVEY ORGANIZATION...........................................................................................21
2.10 DATA PROCESSING .............................................................................................. 21
2.11 DATA QUALITY............................................................................................... .....21
2.12 DATA CLEANING AND ANALYSIS ................................................................................22
3. DEMOGRAPHICS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS................................................ 24
3.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 24
3.2 HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION ......................................................................................24
3.2.1 Household headship............................................................................................. .24
3.2.2 Household Size................................................................................................... . 25
3.2.3 Wealth Quintile................................................................................................... . 26
3.2.4 Dependency....................................................................................................... .27
3.3 AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION ...................................................................................... .27
3.4 MARITAL STATUS..................................................................................................... .28
4. SURVEY FINDINGS..................................................................................................... ..31
4.1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... ..31
4.2 TIME SPENT ON UNPAID DOMESTIC AND CARE WORK............................................................33
4.2.1 Proportion of time spent per day on Unpaid Domestic and Care work by Sex,Sector, and States...........................................................................................................................34
4.2.2 Proportion of time spent per day on Unpaid Domestic and Care work by Sex,Working Status, and Sector........................................................................................................................... 36
4.2.3 Proportion of time spent per day on unpaid domestic and care work by
population age 15 years and above by sex and Age group.......................................................... ...36
4.3 AVERAGE TIME SPENT ON VARIOUS ACTIVITIES BY THE POPULATION AGED 15 YEARS AND
ABOVE............................................................................................................................37
4.3.1 Average time spent in minutes per day on Broad activities by Population age
15 years and above, Sex, and Sector........................................................................................37
4.3.2 Average time in minutes spent per day on Broad Activities by Population age
15 years and above, Sex and selected background characteristics......................................................39
4.3.3. Average time in minutes spent per day by activity by Population age 15
years and above, Sex, and by Sector........................................................................................43
4.3.4 Average time in minutes spent per day on activities by Major divisions,
Population age 15 years and above, Sex, and the Studied states........................................................46
4.3.5 Average time in minutes spent per day on activities by Major Divisions, Sex,
and selected background characteristics...................................................................................... 47
4.3.6: Average time spent in minutes per day by division activities, Population age
15 years and above, Sex, and Area of residence............................................................................50
4.4 PARTICIPATION RATE ..................................................................................................... 51
4.4.1 Participation rate in Broad Activities by Population Aged 15 years and above
by Sex, Area of Residence and Studied states............................................................................... 51
4.4.2 Participation rate in Broad Activities by Sex and selected background
characteristics......................................................................................................................53
4.4.3: Participation rate in activities by Major Divisions by Population age 15 Years
and above, Area of Residence and Studied states............................................................................55
4.4.4 Participation rate in activities by Major Division, Population Age 15 years
and above by Sex and selected background characteristics..................................................................59
4.4.5 Participation rate in Division activities by Population age 15 years and above
by Sex and Area of residence.....................................................................................................62
4.5 TIME SPENT ON SPECIFIC ACTIVITIES BY THOSE WHO PARTICIPATED IN THE ACTIVITIES.......................63
4.5.1 Time spent per day on broad activities by persons involved 15 years and
above by Sex and Area of residence.............................................................................................63
4.5.2 Time spent on broad activities by those who Participated age 15 years and
above by Sex and Studied States.................................................................................................64
4.5.3 Time Spent on Broad Activities by persons involved aged 15 years and older
and by Background Characteristics................................................................................................64
4.5.4 Time spent per day on Major Divisions by Persons Involved age 15 years and
above by Sex and Area of Residence............................................................................................. 67
4.5.5. Time Spent on Division activities by Persons Involved Age 15 years and above
by Sex and Studied States...........................................................................................................70
4.5.6 Time spent on activities by Major division by those who Participated in them
age 15 years and above and by selected background characteristics............................ ............................70
4.5.7 Time spent in minutes on Division activities by Major Division by those who
participated age 15 years and above by Sex and Area of Residence..........................................................73
5. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................ 76
5.1. SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS..............................................................................................76
5.1.1 Proportion of Time Spent on Unpaid Domestic and Care Work by Sex and
Area of Residence (SDG Indicator 5.4.1)......................................................................................... 77
5.1.2 Time Use Patterns by Broad Activities......................................................................................78
5.1.3 Time Use Patterns by Major Divisions............................................................................ ..........78
5.1.4 Time Use Patterns by Division activities........................................................................ ...........79
5.1.5. Socio-economic Characteristics of Time Use..............................................................................80
5.2 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................81
5.3 LIMITATIONS.................................................................................................................... 83
5.4 RECOMMENDATIONS ...........................................................................................................84
APPENDICES.......................................................................................................................... 86
APPENDIX I............................................................................................................................86
APPENDIX II...........................................................................................................................92
APPENDIX III......................................................................................................................... 156
APPENDIX IV..........................................................................................................................168
APPENDIX V...........................................................................................................................232 |
